GENERAL PATHOLOGY for veterinary students

Paramount definitions ... 9

CHAPTER 1.

PATHOLOGY – THE SCIENCE OF DISEASE ... 13

Rafał Sapierzyński

Introduction. General problems: a definition of pathology, division of disciplines in pathology ... 13

Pathologist’s workshop ... 16

Pathologist’s tasks ... 29

References ... 30

CHAPTER 2.

AN OUTLINE OF THE HISTORY OF PATHOMORPHOLOGY ... 31

Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak

Joint history of medicine and veterinary medicine ... 31

Pathological anatomy as a separate field of science ... 33

Early days of pathomorphology in Poland ... 33

Veterinary medicine – vocational education ... 34

Pathological anatomy in study curricula ... 35

Our collaborators ... 36

References ... 39

CHAPTER 3.

ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS ... 41

Anna Rodo

Introduction ... 41

Genetic factors ... 41

Physical factors ... 42

Biological factors ... 50

Chemical factors ... 60

Nutritional factors ... 70

References ... 73

CHAPTER 4.

EVERYTHING ORIGINATES FROM THE CELL ... 75

Katarzyna Kliczkowska Klarowicz

Introduction ... 75

Animal cell structure ... 75

Osmotic balance in the cell ... 77

Mechanisms of cellular damage ... 78

References ... 81

CHAPTER 5.

LETHAL DAMAGE, CELL DEATH AND DEATH OF THE ORGANISM ... 83

Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak

Introduction ... 83

Necrosis ... 83

Apoptosis ... 94

Death of the organism ... 97

References ... 106

CHAPTER 6.

SUBLETHAL INJURY – PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE – DEGENERATION ... 107

Izabela Dolka

Introduction ... 107

Mechanisms of intracellular accumulation ... 109

Water and electrolyte metabolism disorders ... 110

Protein metabolism disorder including amyloid degeneration ... 113

Lipid metabolism disorders ... 137

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders ... 147

Pigment metabolism disorders ... 150

Copper metabolism disorders ... 173

Mineral metabolism disorders ... 175

References ... 194

CHAPTER 7.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS ... 197

Hanna Sendecka

Introduction ... 197

Abnormal filling of blood vessels ... 197

Blood cell concentration and structure disorders ... 205

Haemorrhages ... 208

Coagulation disorders ... 215

Embolism and infarction as its consequence ... 223

Non-inflammatory oedema ... 228

Shock ... 236

Blood vessel structure disorders ... 241

References ... 244

CHAPTER 8.

TERATOLOGY – CONGENITAL DISORDERS ... 245

Rafał Sapierzyński

Introduction ... 245

Pathogenesis of congenital disorders ... 248

Causes of congenital disorders ... 249

The classification of malformations – structural teratogenesis ... 259

References ... 268

CHAPTER 9.

DISORDERS OF CELLULAR GROWTH, MATURATION AND DIFFERENTIATION ... 269

Rafał Sapierzyński

Introduction ... 269

Capacity of cells and tissues for proliferation and differentiation ... 272

Adaptation ... 275

Disorders of growth, maturation and differentiation of cells ... 276

References ... 302

CHAPTER 10.

ACUTE INFLAMMATION ... 303

Wojciech Bielecki

Introduction ... 303

Inflammatory reaction components ... 308

The course of acute inflammatory reaction ... 313

The morphological picture of acute inflammation ... 316

Outcome of acute inflammation ... 325

Systemic effects of acute inflammation ... 327

References ... 328

CHAPTER 11.

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND TISSUE REPAIR ... 329

Wojciech Bielecki

Introduction ... 329

The role of inflammatory infiltration cells ... 330

The mechanism of development and causes of chronic inflammation ... 333

Granulomatous inflammation ... 335

Tissue repair ... 342

References ... 350

CHAPTER 12.

BASICS OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY ... 351

Katarzyna Kliczkowska Klarowicz

Introduction ... 351

Immunological response ... 351

Immune system cells ... 352

Immune system disorders ... 354

References ... 372

CHAPTER 13.

NEOPLASIA ... 373

Rafał Sapierzyński

Introduction ... 373

General characteristics of neoplasms ... 373

Etiopathogenesis of neoplasms ... 399

Biological behaviour of malignant neoplasms ... 422

Tumour – host relationships ... 443

Clinical aspects of neoplastic disease in animals – the outline of clinical oncology ... 459

References ... 470